Corrosion behavior of under‐, peak‐, and over‐aged 6063 alloy: A comparative study

The mechanical property of age‐hardenable Al‐alloys is governed by the state of ageing, which determines the microstructure and consequently, their corrosion behavior which is a vital aspect for a number of applications. This article presents a comparative assessment of corrosion behavior of under‐, peak‐ and over‐aged Al‐Mg‐Si alloy. Corrosion characteristics have been determined via immersion tests in 0.1 M ortho‐phosphoric acid solution and intergranular corrosion (IGC) tests. Corroded surfaces are examined by field emission scanning electron micrographs‐energy dispersive spectroscopy and 3D optical profilometer. The obtained results reveal that the corrosion rate at a specific immersion time as well as the depth of IGC increases in the order for under‐, peak‐, and over‐aged states. Irrespective of the state of ageing, corrosion loss increases linearly but the rate of corrosion decreases rapidly with increasing immersion time. The dominant mode of corrosion in under‐aged alloy is identified as localized pitting, while peak‐aged is highly susceptible to IGC in contrast extensive pitting corrosion is observed for over‐aged alloy. The observed differences in corrosion behavior are explained considering characteristics of precipitates. Formation of β (Mg₂Si) in case of over‐aged alloy and presence of inclusions like AlFeMnSi particles are found to accelerate pitting corrosion.     

Relationship between the inductive response observed during electrochemical impedance measurements on aluminium and local corrosion processes

In situ real-time imaging and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were performed on pure aluminium, aluminium-copper and copper electrodes, with the aim to elucidate the relationship between the shape of EIS spectra and the local processes occurring on the surface of corroding aluminium, with particular attention to the appearance of inductive behaviour. When a stable oxide was present on the aluminium surface, the impedance modulus increased with decreasing frequencies, indicating the absence of inductive behaviour. Conversely, the presence of depassivating condition coupled with the availability of some anodic current, generated localized corrosion and associated hydrogen evolution at the corrosion front (also known as superfluous hydrogen evolution). In these conditions, a clear inductive behaviour was observed, regardless on the source of the anodic current at the corrosion front, i.e. galvanic coupling or external anodic polarization.     

Investigation of the relationship between intergranular corrosion and retrogression and reaging in the AA6063

AA6063 was heat treated with different retrogression temperatures and durations, and the effect of heat treatment conditions on the microstructure, hardness, electrical conductivity, intergranular corrosion (IGC) and electrochemical corrosion behaviours of the AA6063 was determined compared with the T6 condition. The IGC test was applied according to the BS EN ISO 11846: 2008 standard. Moreover, potentiodynamic polarization tests were applied to determine the electrochemical corrosion behaviour of the heat‐treated samples. Electrochemical corrosion tests were carried out by using a Ivium Compactstat potentiostat in 3.5 wt.%. NaCl solution at 24°C with a scanning rate of 0.5 mV/s. The corrosion test cell consisted of the reference electrode (Ag/AgCl), working electrode (test sample) and a reference electrode (platinum). The effect of IGC on the microstructure of AA6063 and corrosion depth values was investigated by using a stereo optical microscope and a light metal microscope, respectively. Corrosion depth examinations were performed on microstructures taken from the cross‐sections of the samples. The chemistry of the precipitates formed at grain boundaries and distribution of the precipitates in the microstructure were investigated by scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X‐ray and transmission electron microscope analyses. The results showed that retrogression and reaging heat treatment improves both the corrosion resistance and the mechanical properties of AA6063. After 50°C/15 min RRA heat treatment, the highest corrosion resistance and a higher hardness value than the T6 level were obtained.     

Development of microbially influenced corrosion on carbon steel in a simulated water injection system

Microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) on internal pipeline surfaces has become a severe problem during the water injection process in secondary oil recovery. The formation of a biofilm, normally dominated by sulfate‐reducing bacteria (SRB), is believed to be the critical step of the MIC process. A continuously fed biofilm simulating the water injection process was operated to investigate the influence of biofilm development on MIC behavior in the early phase of corrosion development. The development of the corrosion product film and biofilm was monitored for 5 months with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, linear polarization resistance, scanning electron microscopy, 3D optical profiling, and direct weight measurement. MIC development was found to comprise three phases: initialization, transition, and stabilization. The initialization phase involved the formation of the corrosion product layer and the initial attachment of the sessile microbes on metal surface. In the transition phase, the MIC process gradually shifted from charge‐transfer‐controlled reaction to diffusion‐controlled reaction. The stabilization phase featured mature and compact biofilm on the metal surface, and the general corrosion rate (CR) decreased due to the diffusional effect, while the pitting CR was enhanced at a lower carbon source level, which supported the mechanism of direct electron uptake from the metal surface by SRB.     

水射流表面改性对国产Zirlo锆合金包壳管加速腐蚀氧化膜形貌的影响

为进一步提高国产锆合金包壳管性能,提高反应堆安全性,对国产Zirlo锆合金进行水射流冲击强化,研究在高温高压水腐蚀条件下不同冲击压力对样品表面氧化膜的影响,并与未冲击样品进行对比。结果表明,样品表面在不同压力的冲击下耐蚀性差异较大,当冲击压力达到40 MPa时样品表面氧化膜状态较好,相比于未冲击样品氧化膜厚度减少4.3%,在10 MPa和20 MPa冲击下则出现腐蚀加速情况。     

热处理对等离子喷涂铁基非晶合金涂层微观结构和耐腐蚀性能的影响

采用等离子喷涂技术在Q235钢基体上制备Fe48Cr15Mo14C15B6Y2非晶合金涂层,之后对涂层进行200,300,500,600,700℃热处理,研究了热处理对涂层微观结构、耐电化学腐蚀性能和耐均匀腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:随着热处理温度的升高,涂层的非晶含量降低,孔隙率先减小后增大,经300℃热处理后涂层的孔隙率最低,且低于未热处理涂层的;热处理后涂层中的晶体相主要包括α-Fe,Fe-Cr,Fe63Mo37,Fe3C等;随着热处理温度的升高,涂层的自腐蚀电流密度先减小后增大,经300℃热处理后,自腐蚀电流密度最小,涂层的耐电化学腐蚀性能最好;经过热处理后,涂层在NaCl溶液中浸泡31d后的单位面积质量损失减小,且热处理温度越高,单位面积质量损失越小,涂层的耐均匀腐蚀性能提高。     

牺牲阳极的阴极保护法在电力系统接地体防腐中的应用

电力行业是目前国家非常重视与大力发展的行业之一。近些年来,由于接地系统接地电阻不合格引起的电力系统事故逐渐增多,并且接地电阻升高的很大一部分原因是接地体腐蚀造成的,因而人们越来重视接地体的抗腐蚀保护。简要阐述了电力系统目前预防接地体腐蚀所采取的牺牲阳极的阴极保护法,并对接地体新的改造方法提出一些建议。     

Chitosan Microspheres as Carriers for pH‐Indicating Species in Corrosion Sensing

Chitosan microspheres containing bromocresol green, cresol red, and phenolphthalein for corrosion detection, through pH change, are synthesized in order to be used in protective coatings for aluminium alloys. Microspheres containing corrosion detection species are characterized morphologically (SEM) and physico‐chemically (FTIR, TGA). Release studies (UV–vis) are performed in corrosion‐promoting conditions (pH, NaCl), and detection studies by immersion in media associated with corrosion activity while microspheres' sensing activity is evaluated visually. Electrochemical characterization of AA2024 substrates in the presence of chitosan spheres is performed to understand material performance, and a color change is observed as a result of local pH increase in cathodic areas when corrosion takes place. These findings can be correlated with the results from release studies and seem a promising approach for corrosion sensing purposes, not only because pH increase is possible to detect due to corrosion, but also because chitosan is considered an environmentally friendly material.     

石墨烯改性涂层防护性能研究

为减少团聚，提高石墨烯在涂层中的分散性，研究采用纳米分散技术预先制备了石墨烯分散液，再将其分散至环氧树脂中获得石墨烯改性复合涂层。通过对石墨烯含量为 0、0.3%、0.6%的复合涂层进行盐水浸泡、盐雾、阴极剥离实验及电化学性能测试，证明石墨烯的加入显著增强了涂层的防护性能。石墨烯复合涂层在 3.5%盐水中浸泡 1 008 h后，涂层低频阻抗仍大于 106 Ω·cm²比未添加石墨烯的涂层提高了 3个数量级，且盐雾实验 6 000 h后涂层表面仍保持完好；含 0.6%石墨烯，的涂层耐蚀行为劣于石墨烯含量为 0.3%的涂层。